Introduction

Voltage fluctuation problems are quite common in most of the countries in the world, particularly in India. A Three Phase Power System when unevenly loaded it causes different phase - neutral voltages and a heavy current in the neutral conductor. Due to dynamic nature of single-phase loads / utility it is not possible to rearrange the configuration of the system to make it symmetrical. To overcome these problems, Phase & Neutral Balancing System is a complete solution.

Phase & Neutral Balance System (PNBS):
Phase & Neutral Balancing System is a three-phase system, which is installed at the low voltage supply line between phases and neutral i.e. parallel to the impedances. PNBS due to its magnetic symmetry tries to establish neutral point symmetrical with respect to the phase voltages. Thus, it equalizes the voltages in all the three phases and minimizes the neutral current.
Generation of Third Phase
PNBS generates the third phase when only two are available. The voltage is equalized in all the three phases, making it possible to drive any three-phase equipment. This is very useful in process industries where rejection losses can be minimized by installing a PNBS.
Insurance Against Neutral Break.
Due to any break in neutral connection, a consumer gets 415 Volts instead of 230 Volts. This damages most of the Electrical, Electronic, Telecom equipments and Household appliances. PNBS continues to provide neutral, protecting valuable equipment / appliances against any such damages.
Capacity of PNBS
Capacity of PNBS In a balanced Three Phase system the current flowing through the neutral should be zero. However, it is practically not possible to distribute & ensure equal loading of each phase. Uneven loading on the phases, causes unbalanced phase voltage, phase distortion and excessive current flowing through the neutral, which results in loss of energy. PNBS corrects this situation. In a balanced Three Phase system the current flowing through the neutral should be zero. However, it is practically not possible to distribute & ensure equal loading of each phase. Uneven loading on the phases, causes unbalanced phase voltage, phase distortion and excessive current flowing through the neutral, which results in loss of energy. PNBS corrects this situation.
The PNBS equalizes the phase voltage, maintains phase angle symmetry and minimizes the neutral current. The capacity of PNBS is therefore defined in terms of its ability to correct the error measured in terms of the neutral current. The capacity of the PNBS required is dependent on the situation, at a particular location.
Installation of PNBS
PNBS is most effective when it is installed at nearest possible location of unbalancing. The imbalance i.e. the neutral current is caused by uneven loading of the three phases. In the above Line Diagram each phase has different loads. All the loads would not be equal / switched ON simultaneously which would result in uneven loading / imbalance and would result in excessive neutral current. As such, PNBS should be installed at imbalance locations and not at Location A / B.
Summary of Features & Advantages.
Reduction of Neutral Current.
Energy Saving.
Better Quality of Power
Equalized Three Phase Voltages.
Efficient working of Electrical / Electronic Equipment.
Safety against Neutral Break.
Availability of Three Phases even in case of Phase Failure In Supply.
No Dips in voltage on Sudden Loading.
Equalize Phase Angle of each phase at 120 0.
Reduction of DG running.
Electricity tariff saving around 15-20%.
Diesel Saving in Rural areas of around 30 %.
Diesel Saving in Urban areas of around 15-20%.